肾移植后的尿路并发症

Urological complications following renal transplantation

肾移植是临床治疗终末期肾病的最佳治疗手段,随着免疫抑制剂的发展,肾移植已达到相当成功的水平,但移植后各种并发症仍然威胁着患者移植肾功能甚至生命。一些内科并发症很难预防,但外科并发症临床可采取有效预防措施。文章综合分析肾移植后尿瘘、输尿管梗阻、输尿管返流等常见尿路并发症发生原因、诊断、处理及预防措施。尿路并发症作为肾移植后常见并发症之一,其发生与移植技巧密切相关。如何有效降低肾移植后尿路并发症的发生、一旦发生后如何进行及时诊断、有效处理,成为提高肾移植质量的重要环节。

Renal transplantation is the best method for end-stage renal diseases in clinic. With the development of immunosuppressive agents, renal transplantation has been quite successful. Various complications after renal transplantation sti threaten the function of graft and the life of patients. Some medical complications are difficult to prevent, but surgical complications are effective to prevent. The article comprehensively analyzes the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of some common urological complications such as urinary fistula, ureteral obstruction and ureteric reflux. The urological complications as the common complication are correlated to surgical skill. It has been an important link in improvement of transplantation quality to reduce incidence of urological complications and to diagnose and manage.