论专利间引用关系分析中存在的问题

On the Problems in Patent Citation Analysis

专利文献与科学文献不同,它既是技术文献又是法律文献。对专利间引用关系的分析不能机械地承袭科学引文分析法。不少学者认为,专利技术的领先性与该专利的被引频次正相关,但笔者从专利法视角指出了由这一观点所导出的悖论。专利引用包括审查员引用和申请人引用,二者在引用动机、引用对象、引用方式等方面都存在根本区别。审查员提供的引用信息应该是该专利新颖性的正面证据,而申请人提供的引用信息通常是被引专利领先性的负面证据。

Patent literature is different from academic literature. It＇ s both technical literature and lawliterature. Patent citation analysis should not mechanically follow the academic citation analysismethod. Many scholars believe that the leading character of the patent is positively correlated with its frequency of being cited. However, this opinion will lead to self-contradiction. Patent citation includes the citation by the examinantand by the applicant. Each is distinguished from the other in citingintention, cited object and citing manner. Citation by the examinant should be the evidence of patent novelty, while citation by the applicant might indicate that the patent is less advanced.