棕榈酸阳离子双酯表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

SNYTHESIS AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF PALMITIC ACID CATIONIC DIESTER SURFACTANTS

实验以棕榈酸和2,3环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为原料,制备中间体单酯表面活性剂氯化3-棕榈酰氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基铵(CMESA),再与棕榈酰氯反应合成双酯表面活性剂氯化2,3-二(棕榈酰氧基)丙基三甲基铵(CDESA)。讨论了反应溶剂、缚酸剂种类对终产物CDESA收率的影响,经正交试验确定其最佳合成条件为:1,4-二氧六环为反应介质,用量40 mL,n(CMESA):n(棕榈酰氯):n(吡啶)=1:1:1,加热回流5 h,CDESA收率为92%,纯度大于95%。

3-Palmitoyl-oxy-2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride（CMESA） was prepared by Palmitic acid and 2,3 epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride （GTA）. 2,3-bis（palmitoyl-oxy） propyl trimethyl ammonium （CDESA） was further synthesized with CMESA and palm chloride. Reaction conditions such as solvents and acid-binding agents were studied. Through orthogonally arranged experiments, the optimal esterification conditions were obtained as follows： 40 mL 1, 4-dioxan as solvent, n（CMESA） ： n（palm chloride） ： n（pyridine）=1： 1 ： 1 and refluxing time 5 h. Under these conditions, the yield of CDESA was 92% and the purity of the product was above 96%. The structure of the end production was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and IH NMR spectra. The surface tension tests show that the solution of the CDESA has high surface activity and weak foamability.