婴幼儿气质变化的追踪研究

Follow-up study of temperament changes in infants

目的:探讨婴幼儿气质类型和气质维度的变化情况。方法:采用Carey等设计,经张劲松等修订的小婴儿气质问卷、婴儿气质问卷和幼儿气质评估表,对81例婴幼儿分年龄组进行气质维度和气质类型测评,12个月后再次对其进行追踪调查。结果:小婴儿组的气质类型和除情绪本质外的8个气质维度有统计学差异;婴儿组的气质类型无统计学差异,适应性、反应强度,坚持性、注意力分散度和反应阈等气质维度有统计学差异;幼儿组的气质类型无统计学差异,气质维度仅反应阈一项有统计学差异。结论:婴幼儿气质具有可塑性。随着婴幼儿的成长其气质有所改变,年龄越小变化越明显,幼儿期气质逐渐趋于稳定。

Objecttve： To explore the changes of temperament types and temperament dimensions in infants. Methods： 81 infants were evaluated for temperament types and temperament dimensions by small infant temperament questionnaire （revised by ZHANG Jin - Song）, infant temperament questionnaire and toddlers temperament questionnaire, follow - up survey was conducted after 12 months. Results： There was difference in temperament types and 8 kinds of temperament dimensions except mood in little baby group ; there was no difference in temperament types in baby group and infant group, but there was difference in temperament dimensions in baby group ; there was difference in reflection threshold in infant group. Conclusion： Infants＇ temperament possesses plasticity. With the development of infants, temperament of infants changes, temperament of infants which are young changes obviously but temperament of infants gradually stabilizes.