梧州市冬种马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培技术试验研究综述

Review on rice straw-covering and no-tillage cultivation technology for winter potato in Wuzhou City

为探索适合梧州市栽培条件的冬种马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培技术规程,进行了冬种马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培种薯处理、适宜播期、播种密度、稻草覆盖厚度、施肥水平、栽培模式等技术试验。结果表明,种薯经消毒催芽后再播种,有利于马铃薯健壮生长;冬种马铃薯以11月上中旬播种较好,过迟播种马铃薯的产量、商品率及经济效益都会降低;合作88马铃薯品种免耕栽培采用82500株/ha的种植密度综合效益最好;采用小畦种植马铃薯稻草覆盖厚度以7cm为宜,大畦种植稻草覆盖厚度以8cm为宜;每公顷施三元硫酸钾复合肥1200kg加硫酸钾450kg时,免耕马铃薯的鲜薯产量、生物产量、商品率最高;稻草覆盖免耕栽培和高垄免耕栽培都是较好的栽培模式,两种栽培模式下马铃薯的产量均较高。

In order to discuss the rice straw-covering and no-tillage cultivation technical regulation of winter potato suitable for the cultivation conditions of Wuzhou City, different experiments on seed potato treatments, suitable seeding times, seeding densities, thickness of rice straw-covering, fertilizing level and cultivation patterns of rice straw-covering and no-tillage for winter potato were carried out in Wuzhou City. The results showed that the seedling of potato would grow well when the seed potato was sterilized before seeding, and the yield, commodity rate and economic benefit of potato would decrease if the seeding time of potato was over the last-ten-day of November. When the potato variety Hezuo 88 was applied in no-tillage cultivation with 82 500 plants/ha of planting density, the comprehensive benefit was the best. The suitable thickness of rice straw-covering for potato planted with small ridge and large ridge was 7 cm and 8 era, respectively. When potato was fertilized with 1200 kg/ha potassium sulfate compound fertilizer （three elements） and 450 kg/ha potassium sulfate, the fresh yield, biomass yield and commodity rate of potato were the highest. Moreover, rice straw-covering and high-ridge cultivation with no-tillage were two better cultivation patterns for potato and the yield of potato were better than other cultivation patterns.