基于生态压力指数的河南省生态安全时空差异分析

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Ecological Security in He'nan Province Based on Ecological Tension Index

为科学评判河南省的生态安全性，运用生态压力指数对河南省1990。2005年的生态安全进行了时空差异分析。结果表明：河南省的生态压力指数从1990年的1．25增高到2005年的2．29，16a间生态压力持续增高，生态压力指数一直大于1，生态环境始终处于不安全状态。从空间变化上看，洛阳、焦作、新乡、濮阳4市的安全等级指数由1994年的4级（较不安全）变化到2004年5级（很不安全），三门峡、开封、平顶山、周口、南阳、驻马店和漯河市由5级（很不安全）变为6级（极不安全），鹤壁市和信阳市保持5级（很不安全）不变，商丘市则持续6级（极不安全），而郑州、安阳、许昌、济源则由原来的4级（较不安全）增加到6级（极不安全）。由此可知，河南省各地市的生态不安全程度正在逐渐增大，可持续发展形势严峻，必须调整现有的经济结构，提高资源利用率和单位生物生产土地面积的生产力。图4，表3，参14。

In order to precisely determine ecological safety in He＇ nan Province, this article utilized the ecological tension index to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of ecological security in He＇ nan Province from 1990 to 2005. The resuh indicated that the ecological tension index of He＇ nan Province increased from 1.25 in 1990 to 2.29 in 2005, the ecological pressure advanced continually during these sixteen years, the ecological tension index was always greater than 1, and the ecological environment was in an unsafe condition throughout. Spatially, in the two years of 1994 and 2004, security grading index increased from the original level 4 （relative insecurity） to level 5 （very unsafe） in Luoyang, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang and Puyang, up to level 6 （ extreme insecurity） from level 5 （ very unsafe） in Sanmenxia, Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Zhoukou, Nanyang,Zhtnnadian and hwhe,and to level 6 （extreme insecurity） from the original level 4 （relative insecurity） in Zhengzhou, Anyang, Xuchang, Jiyuan. Whereas, security grading index maintained level 5 （very unsafe） invariable and level 6 （extreme insecurity） in Hebi, Xinyang and Shangqiu,respectively. It can be seen that the ecology unsafe degree is increasing gradually all over Henan Province; the sustain-able development situation is stem. Therefore, we should adjust the existing economic structure, raise the utilization rate of resources, increasing the productivity of unit biological production land area.