“则已”的词汇化和构式语法化

The Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of the Construction of Zeyi(则已)

"则"和"已"在先秦有四种不同的组合,助词"则已"只有在组合"则(连)+已(动)"的基础上,并且只有在构式"[-A]+[则(连)]+[已(动)];[A],……"中才能成词和语法化。它的词汇化和语法化在先秦几乎同步既已完成,历经历时发展,助词用法一直延用至今。"则已"的成词和语法化是一种构式语法化。其词汇化和语法化的动因和机制有:特定构式的语法化;"则"和"已"的去范畴化;语言使用的主观性和主观化,另外还涉及到韵律的因素。

There are four different structures of Ze （则） and Yi （已） in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. Only on the bases of the structure ＂Ze（则） （conj） ＋ Yi（已） （verb） ＂ ,and only in the construction ＂ [-A]＋[ Ze （ 则 ） （conj ） ]＋[ Yi（已） （verb） ]; [A], ……＂ , the lexicalization and grammaticalization on Zeyi（则已） would be found ,which had been completed almost simultaneously in the pre-Qin. Through diachronic development, its usage as function word has been used until now.The grammaticalization of Zeyi（则已.） is grammaticalization of construction. There axe some motivations about lexicalization and grammaticalization of Zeyi（则已） ,which are ： grammaticalization of construction; decategorization of Ze（则） and Yi（已） ; subjectification and rhythm.