基于动力学的钢丝绳断丝数检测方法初探

Dynamics-based testing method of wire rope's broken wires

钢丝绳是由许多优质碳素钢丝捻制成股,再由若干股围绕绳芯捻制成绳。由于钢丝绳结构的特殊性决定了它具有较好的力学性能,同时在工作可靠性和结构多样性等方面也表现出独特的优点,被广泛应用于众多工程领域。钢丝绳的设计、制造、使用和维护等方面还存在着相当多的技术难题,甚至还不能给出钢丝绳在使用过程中真正意义上的安全系数,以至于钢丝绳工程结构时常出现意外安全事故。针对钢丝绳无损检测问题展开了研究,用弦振动方程建立钢丝绳断丝数检测方程,利用该方程对悬索钢丝绳的断丝数进行了探索性试验研究。结果表明,钢丝绳断丝数较少,负载较小时,对基频的影响较小;当钢丝绳断丝数较多,负载较大时,对基频的影响较为明显。因此,该方法为钢丝绳无损检测技术提供了一种的新的检测手段,具备一定的可行性。

The strands are twisted with high quality carbon steel strings and then a number of strands turn around the core to a wire rope. Due to its special structure as well as its unique advantages, a wire rope has better ability in mechanism in functional reliability and structural diversity. Therefore, wire ropes are widely used in various engineering fields, but there are still a lot of technical problems regarding design, manu-facturing, usage and maintenance. Even there are no certain safety factors given in the process of application so that it turns out accidents when it comes to structural problems. There were some researches on the issue of non destructive testing （NDT） of wire ropes in this paper, according to the string vibration equation; a model of testing wire rope＇s broken wires was established. And an exploratory experiment was made by this equation. The results showed that there was a little influence on fundamental frequency. When the number of wire rope broken wires was less and the loads was smaller. And a greater influence on fundamen- tal frequency, when the number of wire rope broken wires was larger and the loads is bigger. Therefore, this method was certain feasible, and provided a new nondestructive testing means for wire ropes. [ Ch, fig. 1 tab. 11 ref. ] 4