表型组学的概念及植物表型组学的发展

Concept of Phenomics and its Development in Plant Science

表型组(phenome)是指某一生物的全部性状特征;表型组学(phenomics)是一门在基因组水平上系统研究某一生物或细胞在各种不同环境条件下所有表型的学科。1996年,衰老研究中心主任Steven A.Garan在滑铁卢大学的一次应邀演讲上首次提出了Phenomics(表型组学)这一概念。1998年,比利时的CropDesign公司一成立即开始着手研发可大规模开发转基因和植物性状评价的高通量的技术平台。2005年,该公司的Christophe等发表具有里程碑意义的论文,详细阐述了称之为"性状工厂"(TraitMill)的可大规模自动化分析全生育期植物表型的技术设施。2006年,Niculescu及其同事在发表的论文中描述了一种新的用于表型组学分析的实验定量研究方法,并称之为PhenoChipping。2008年,澳洲植物表型组学设施(Australian Plant Phenomics Facility)在澳大利亚阿德雷德大学威特校区建立。2009年4月,第一届国际植物表型组大会在澳大利亚堪培拉成功举办。本文主要就表型组、表型组学相关概念的定义、研究机构、研究设施、相关文献及植物表型组学的进展做了概述。

A phenome is the whole of the phenotypes expressed by an organism. Phenomics is a field of systematic study concerned with the phenome characterization of organisms or cells, which are characteristics of phenotypes that generate arise via the interaction of the genome with the environment. In 1996, phenomics was coined by Steven A. Garan, Director of the Aging Research Centre （ARC） at a guest lecture he gave at the University of Waterloo. In 1998, CropDesigu, a Belgium based company was founded and synchronously started to develop a high-throughput technology platform that enables large-scale transgenesis and plant evaluation, and then Dr. Christophe Reuzeau and his colleagues published a landmark paper describing in detail a technical facilities called TraitMill in 2005, which enables large-scale automated analysis of the whole growth period phenotypes of plants. Niculescu and colleagues subsequently published a landmark paper in 2006 describing a new empirical quantitative approach for phenomics analysis, termed PhenoChippings. The Australian Plant Phenomics Facility was established at the Waite Campus of the University of Adelaide, Australian in 2008. Then, the First International Plant Phenomics Symposium was successfully held in Canberra, Australia in April, 2009. This review focuses on correlated conceptions of phenomics and its diversification, research institutes, facilities, pertinent literature and recent developments in plant sciences.