区域大气复合污染立体监测技术系统与应用

Spatio-Temporal Monitoring System and its Application in Regional Complex Air Pollution Study

随着我国社会经济的高速发展,环境问题日益突出,各种污染物相互耦合叠加,造成我国大气污染呈现区域性、复合性以及长期性的特点。尽管我国已建立了以城市为中心的空气质量自动监测站,但近地面有限指标的监测,不能完全反映大气污染的实际状况,使空气质量评价结果与公众直观感受不一致。也不能满足空气污染形成机制、演变和输送过程的研究需求。介绍了用于区域、立体、实时监测的几种技术以及利用这些技术构建的区域大气复合污染立体监测技术系统,主要用于颗粒物区域输送通量监测、气态污染物区域排放通量监测以及区域污染物垂直柱浓度监测。同时介绍了北京奥运会期间的部分监测结果,讨论了控制区域大气复合污染需要的监测技术和方法。

With the rapid economic growth of China, environmental pollution has become one of the most widely concerned issues. The air pollution in economy fast developing area has appeared regional and complex behavior by the accumulation and coupling of multi pollutants from various sources. Although many ambient air quality monitoring stations are established in urban area, the ground surface pollutant levels are limited to give the whole picture of the air pollution and reveal its real evolution process, chemical reaction scheme and regional transportation. It brings some confusion to the public by the mismatch of air quality index with the sense of atmospheric visibility. Several advanced optical and spectroscopic techniques and an integrated spatio-temporal air quality monitoring system based on these techniques are introduced, which are applied to monitor the particulate matter regional transport flux, gaseous pollutant emission flux from area sources and distribution of vertical columns of trace gases in a large area. The partly measurement results obtained during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are presented. The monitoring method and techniques applied for the regional and complex air pollution study are also discussed.