南海北部灯光罩网渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响

The catch composition of light falling-net fishing and its impact on fishery resources in the northern South China Sea

近年来,灯光罩网在南海区迅速发展,给南海区北部沿岸浅水域幼鱼资源增大了捕捞压力。为了查明南海区灯光罩网渔业的渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2006年4月27日～5月2日在阳江沿海水域进行了灯光罩网海上渔获组成调查。研究结果表明:(1)主捕对象是趋光性鱼类和头足类,枪乌贼Loligo sp.、带鱼Trichiurus haumela、蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi、康氏马鲛Scomberomorus commerson、刺鲳Psenopsis anomala、乌贼Sepia sp.、赤鼻棱鳀Thrissa kammalensis、乌鲳Formio niger、杜氏棱鳀Thryssa dussumieri和竹筴鱼Trachurus japonicus是南海北部灯光罩网的常见渔获种类;(2)幼鱼渔获比例高,损害海洋渔业资源严重;(3)网目尺寸小、灯光照度大和近岸渔场是导致幼鱼渔获比例高的主要成因。笔者建议规定最小网目尺寸和加强渔具管理。

In recent years, a light falling-net fishery was rapidly developped in the South China Sea. It has increased fishing pressure on juvenile fish resources living in the northern shallow waters of South China Sea. A survey of the catch composition of light falling-net fishing was conducted on fishing ground along waters off Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, from April 27 to May 2, 2006, in order to identify catch composition of the net and its impact on fishery resources. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The main species caught were phototactic fish and cephalopod, including Loligo sp. , Trichiurus haumela, Deeapterus maruadsi, Scomberomorus commerson, Psenopsis anomala, Sepia sp. , Thrissa kammalensis , Formio niger, Thryssa dussumieri and Trachurus japonicus ; （2） The net had high catch rates of juveniles and might tend to damage marine fishery resources; （3） The main causes resulting in the high rates were smaller mesh size, greater light intensity and fishing ground closing to inshore. It is recommended that the regulation of the minimum mesh size be implemented and the management of the fishing gear be strengthened.