石灰性土壤上两种磷效率小麦根际特征差异

Differences of rhizosphere characteristics of two P-efficient wheat genotypes on two calcareous soils

采用三室根箱实验,选用黑垆土和潮土两种石灰性土壤,对两种磷水平的磷低效型小麦京411和磷高效型小麦小偃54,进行植株生物量及吸磷量、根际土壤pH值、磷酸酶含量、水溶性磷含量的测定,旨在研究两种磷效率小麦在不同石灰性土壤上的根际特征差异。结果表明,不施磷条件下,两种土壤上,小偃54的根部生物量分别为0.85和4.62 g,均显著高于京411的0.68和3.65 g;小偃54根际土壤的pH值分别比京411低0.07,0.11个单位;在施磷条件下,小偃54的根际土壤水溶性磷分别低于京411 837,1588μg/kg,达到显著性差异。根际磷酸酶在不同土壤上存在明显的差异,黑垆土在不施磷条件下小偃54的根际土壤磷酸酶含量显著高于京411,在潮土上呈现相反的趋势。试验结果表明,两种磷效率,小麦根际特征在不同土壤上有一定的相似性,同时存在明显差异。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere characteristics of two different phosphorus P-efficiency wheat genotypes on two calcareous soils by using three-chamber-root-box. Two different P-efficient wheat genotypes （ the P-efficient wheat Xiaoyan 54 and the P-inefficient wheat Jing 411 ） and two calcareous soils （Black loessial soils and Fluvoaquic soils） were selected for the study. Crop biomass, to analyze P uptake amount , pH , phosphatase activity and watersoluble phosphorus in the rhizosphere under two P levels. Result showed that under no P application condition , on two calcareous soils, root weight of Xiaoyan 54 , that were 0. 85 and 4. 62 g, was significant higher than that of Jing 411 ; pH in the rhizophere of Xiaoyan 54 was significant lower than that of Jing 411 by 0. 07and 0. 11 ; water-soluble P in the rhizophere of Xiaoyan 54 was significant lower than that of Jing 411 by 837 and 1 588 μg/kg. There were differences in rhizosphere acid phosphatase activities of two wheat genotypes between two calcareous soils. On black loessial soils, the acid phosphatase activity in rhizophere of Xiaoyan 54 was higher than that of Jing 411, while reversely on fluvo-aquic soils. Result showed that there were definite similar and differences in rhizosphere characteristics for two wheat genotypes in different calcareous soils.