爱和艺术的可见性与不可见性——论歌德的《亲和力》和本雅明对“无性美学”的批判

The Visibility and Invisibility of Love and Art

在《亲和力》这部歌德的晚期作品中,诗人探求的是"情爱美学",重在"无性美学"的理念。他试图从性的欲望中逃脱出来,寻求一种"无性的圣洁"。情爱和性欲作为决定婚姻选择的亲和力,成为引导命运的一种力量。在现实世界中,歌德的"情爱"无法逃脱"爱欲"的支配,注定是失败者。在虚构的世界中,歌德试图与这一"命运"进行抗争。本文尝试从歌德《亲和力》的创作以及本雅明对歌德的文学批评入手,通过对作品"实在内涵"的分析,探求其"真实内涵",即作品中"不可见"的一面。

Goethe described in many of his works heterosexual and homosexual erotic passions acts. However, in one of his late works ＂Elective Affinities＂ （Die Wahlverwandtschaften） Goethe held the sexuality as a general topic of poetic narrative. The poet tried to explore the ＂love aesthetics＂ and focused on the ＂platonic love＂. He wanted to escape from the sexual desire and seek a kind of the purity of love. Love and erotic as the factors and elective affinities which determine the choice of marriage are becoming a power to guide the fate. In the real world, Goethe＇s ＂love＂ can not escape from the domination of the Eros and is bound to be a loser. In the fictional world, Goethe tried to resist against the fate. In this present paper the author attempts through the analysis of Goethe＇s creation as well as Benjamin＇s literary criticism to explore the relevance and veracity, i.e. the visibility and invisibility of the work.