高空环境对民航飞行人员细胞遗传学指标的影响

Effects of cosmic radiation on genetics markers of Civil Aviation Pilots and Crew Members

目的探讨宇宙辐射对民航飞行人员遗传学指标的影响,为辐射防护提供理论依据。方法用胞质分裂阻滞微核法观察宇宙辐射对外周血淋巴细胞微核率的影响。采集150名健康飞行人员和32名地面对照人员的外周静脉血,在含植物血凝素(PHA)的RPMI1640培养基中37℃培养38～44h,加入细胞松弛素-B继续培养至72h。经低渗、固定、涂片、染色,每例观察500个双核淋巴细胞中的微核。结果(1)飞行人员的双核淋巴细胞微核率(MNF)(16.15‰±0.33‰)、微核细胞率(MNCF)(13.66‰±0.21‰)与地面人员的MNF(11.48‰±0.50‰).MNCF(10.42‰±0.57‰)相比,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);(2)飞行人员的MNF、MNCF与年飞行小时呈线性相关;(3)MNF、MNCF随飞行人员的工龄、累积飞行小时和年龄呈反相变化;(4)飞行人员经一个月的休假后,MNF、MNCF均低于连续飞行组,与连续飞行组比较,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05),但近一个月未飞行组的MNF、MNCF仍显著高于地面组;(5)在去除年龄、性别等影响因素后,没有发现吸烟增加飞行人员的微核;(6)无论飞行组还是地面组,男女性别间微核差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论宇宙辐射能引起民航飞行人员遗传学指标变化。胞质分裂阻滞微核法能够灵敏的反映近期内飞行负荷的差别,可作为近期辐射损伤的监测指标。

Objective To study the influence of cosmic radiation on genetics markers of civil aviation flying personnel, witch provides theoretical references for Radiation protection Methods To monitor the micronucleus rates in peripheral blood lymphocytes of civil aviation flying personnel, with cytokinesis-block micronucleus method ,The peripheral venous blood samples from 150 healthy flying personnel, and 32 control healthy ground crew were incubated at 37 ℃ in the complete RPMI 1640 medium for 38-44h, added cytochalasin-B and then incubation continued till 72 h. After hypotonic treatment, the harvested cells were fixed, smeared and stained, 500 binuclear ceUs were observed for each subject. Results （1）The MNF and MNCF in flying personnel （ 16.15‰±0.33‰, 13.66‰±0.21‰, respectively ） （P〈0.01）; （2）The MNF and MNCF in flying personnel were linearly related to annual flying hours ; （3）The decrease in MNF and MNCF in those flying personnel was observed with flying professional seniority, accumulative flying hours and age ; （4） The MNF and MNCF in flying personnel having recuperation and one months＇ vacation were significantly lower than those in continued flying persons （P〈0.05）.However, the MNF and MNCF in flying personnel without flight in the last month were still significantly higher than those in ground crew ; （5）After adjustment for the influence of sex and age, we didn＇ t find that smoking exacerbated the micronucleus formation in flying personnel; （6）Whether flight personnel or controls, the micronucleus s rate between male and female didn＇t have significant difference （P〉O.OS）.Condusion The results suggested that the cosmic radiation encountered by civil pilots and crew members may induce chromosomal damage. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus method could respond sensibly the difference in short-term flying load, therefore, it could be regarded as an index which monitor the damage induced by short-tern cosmic radiation.