中国入境旅游的文化差异效应测度研究——基于引力模型的分析

The Effect of Cultural Difference on Inbound Tourism to China:Analysis Based on Gravity Model

一般而言,不同国家或地区的旅游资源带有明显的文化特征,将文化距离指数这一变量纳入到引力模型中,能够估计文化差异对中国入境旅游影响的综合效应和影响程度。基于16个国家和地区连续8年的面板数据的估计结果表明:文化差异的确对中国的入境旅游有较大的影响,其综合效果是消极的,各国的自发旅游消费也存在较大的差异;此外,绝对地理距离、人均收入水平和中国的经济发展能力对入境旅游也有不同程度的影响。因此,中国在发展入境旅游业的过程中,应当综合考虑文化因素与经济因素的相互关系,合理运用文化要素,对入境旅游的开发和营销等工作进行有效规划。

The tourism resources of various countries or regions are generally culturally characterized. Synthetic utility and effect degree of cultural difference on theinbound tourism to China can be estimated by integrating the cultural distance index as a variable into the gravity model. According to the estimation based on panel data from 16 countries or regions in 8 consecutive years, the cultural difference indeed introduces significant effects on the inbound tourism to China, but negative synthetic utility. Moreover, there exists considerable difference in tourism consumptions in these countries. In addition, absolute geographical distance, average personal income and economic development competence of China also have different effects on the inbound tourism to China. Therefore, China should consider the correlation between cultural factors and economic factors, and reasonably employ the cultural factors into planning, developing and promoting the inbound tourism.