新世纪流感大流行的思考

Origins and Views of The 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

2009年从墨西哥开始暴发了一场席卷全世界的流感疫情.此次大流行的毒株,甲型H1N1病毒,包含了猪源、禽源和人源流感病毒的基因片段.研究该毒株的基因重配、进化历程及其生物学特性,将对防控此次流行具有重要意义.目前,该毒株的遗传进化关系已明确,通过遗传性状分析可获知该毒株可能的生物学性状,但流感大流行动向、毒株遗传变化、毒力及致病性变化仍在密切监控中.流感病毒生态系统具有复杂性,其基因组易突变、易重配、易在自然宿主保存,使得流感大流行存在一定的必然性.正视流感大流行的威胁,积极提高流感病毒在生态系统中的监控,加强流行病学调查,发展疫苗与药物,建立有效公共卫生保障体系,才能降低流感大流行的破坏性.

The pandemic outbreak of influenza has been started from Mexico in 2009 to 70 countries during 2 months. On 1 lth of June, WHO announced influenza pandemic alert level rose to the highest level 6, which means the first influenza pandemic in 21 st century is coming. Till 6th of July, 94 512 confirmed cases from more than 120 countries and areas were reported, including 429 cases were died. The genetic fragment of swine, poultry sources and human influenza viruses are contained in this strain, A/H1N1 influenza virus, of the pandemic. It is of great significance of studying the genetic reassortment, evolution and its biological characteristics of this virus strain to prevent and control the pandemic. At present, the genetic evolution of strain has been identified, and the potential biological characteristics have been analyzed by genetic traits, however, clinical manifestation should be further concerned, and the tendency of influenza pandemic and genetic changes need to be monitored closely. The complexity of influenza virus ecosystems, mutation of genome, and easy to preserve in ＂Nature Gene Pool＂ and reassortment, make the influenza pandemic inevitable. We should face the threat of influenza pandemic, enhance the surveillance of influenza virus in ecosystems, strengthen the epidemiological investigation, develop the vaccines and drugs, and establish an effective public health security system, in order to reduce the destruction of the influenza pandemic.