人力资本与中国区域农业全要素生产率增长——基于DEA视角的实证分析

Human Capital and TFP Growth of Regional Agriculture in China:Empirical Study Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

文章在考虑人力资本要素和技术非效率的前提下,使用非参数的DEA曼奎斯特生产率指数方法,对1988-2006年中国区域农业全要素生产率增长进行估计和测算,通过将其分解为技术进步、纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化三部分,来寻找农业TFP增长的源泉。实证表明,1988-2006年中国农业TFP增长较为显著,大致可以分为四个阶段,其对农业增长的贡献基本上是顺周期的,各个省区的TFP增长差异性则较为明显。从其内部构成来看,TFP增长主要由技术进步贡献,技术效率改善的作用则很有限。另外,是否考虑人力资本要素对农业增长的作用,会对TFP的估计产生较大影响。文章最终认为,应努力通过制度创新来消除农业技术扩散的各种制度性障碍,实现农业技术进步和技术效率增进共同推动农业TFP增长。

Taking human capital factor and technical inefficiency into account, the paper estimates and calculates TFP growth of regional agriculture in China from 1988 to 2006 through the method of non-parameter Malmquist productivity index. It explores the source of agriculture TFP growth by classifying TFP growth into three parts, namely technological progress, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change. Empirical studies show that the significant agricultural TFP growth from 1988 to 2006, which basically makes a pro-cyclical contribution to agricultural growth, can be roughly divided into four stages. And provincial TFP growth differs wildly. Technological progress makes the crucial contribution to TFP growth and technical efficiency has limited effects on promoting TFP growth. In addition, the consideration of the impact of human capital factor on agricultural growth fulfils a great function on the estimation of TFP. At last, it points out that we should try our best to surmount the institutional obstacles of agricultural technical spread through institutional innovation, and realize agricultural technical progress and technical efficiency improvement to promote agricultural TFP growth.