自传记忆事件聚集现象中的组织和提取特点

The Phenomenon of Event Cluster in Autobiographical Memory

事件聚集是在事件水平上组织自传记忆的结构,是一种反映自传记忆组织的提取现象。在利用矫正后的事件追随任务对62名成人进行测试后发现:①事件之间各种组织信息并不是分离的,而是以整合的方式来组织事件聚集结构,这些信息不仅包含客体的信息,更包含主观的感受。②自我在自传记忆组织中的作用是强化事件聚集本身所具有的联系。③自传记忆的提取中首先要满足当前自我的要求;进行直接提取失败后,被试根据自传记忆的层级关系进行生成搜索;生成提取策略也失败后,个体则会根据事件线索中任何可以利用的细节来完成回忆任务。

Event cluster, a phenomenon of autobiographical memory, can be an indication of the organization of AM at the event level. In the present research, 62 adults retrieved their AM in a event cue task. The results implied that all of the cues used in the experiment played a conspicuous role in the organization of event clusters. The organization of AM in event cluster is an equipoUent system. Even so, there were gradations in the equipollence. In the event cue task, the subjects tended to use the inner experience as a cue first. If they failed or the working self inhibited the event recovery, they would choose to retrieve an event in a logical memory system such as the Conway＇s SMS. And if still nothing was brought back to the mind, they would refresh the cue event, and every detail in the cue event could be a cue to reminiscence.