湿地生态系统中的多环芳烃研究进展

A Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wetland Ecosystem

湿地是人类最重要的生存环境之一,但由于人类活动的干扰,湿地正遭受不同程度的污染,湿地功能也处在不断退化之中。如何保护并合理利用湿地,已成为人类共同面临的一个严峻问题。对湿地生态系统中的多环芳烃(PAHs)的国内外研究热点问题进行概括总结,介绍了湿地中PAHs的污染状况、来源解析、分布特征、修复技术、对生物的毒害及风险评价等研究的主要进展,讨论了湿地中PAHs变化趋势,此外还提出了目前湿地PAHs研究中一些亟待解决的问题:如何确定分散污染源的贡献率问题,进而提出有针对性的防治措施;提高高活性微生物的环境适应能力;研究人类活动影响的比例,并预测未来的变化趋势;PAHs污染生态风险阈值的研究。并对该领域未来可能的发展趋势进行了展望。

Wetlands are environments that mankind depends on for existence, but disturbance of human activities cause wetlands to suffer from pollution, and the function of wetland are continuously in the degradation status. Mankind faces the severe problem of how to protect and make rational use of wetlands. The focusing problems about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in wetland ecosystem were classified and summarized, and the main advance of wetland PAHs contaminated status, origin analysis, distribution characteristics, remediation technic, physiological effects and potential risk were also discussed. Then, transform trend and some questions needed to be solved of PAHs in wetland were analysed. Finally, future research on PAHs in wetland was reviewed. Some problem need to be solved, such as how to confirm the contribution rate of dispersed pollution source and bring forward pertinent prevention measures, promote the environment adaptability of high activity microbial, study the influencing ratio of mankind activity and forecast future variety trend, and the study of PAHs pollution ecological risk threshold.