γ-氨基丁酸对哺乳母猪生产性能及血清激素水平的影响

Effects of Different Levels of γ-amino Butyric Acid on the Performance and Serum Hormone Levels of Lactating Sows

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对哺乳母猪生产性能、激素水平的影响及其量效关系。选取经产大白母猪40头,采用单因子试验设计,按GABA添加水平(0、25、50、100、150 mg/kg)设对照组和试验组共5个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期21 d。结果表明,GABA在促进母猪摄食方面效果明显,对减少体重损失、缩短断奶-发情间隔及促进仔猪生长也有一定效果。其作用程度与日粮添加剂量和哺乳阶段均密切相关,低添加水平范围作用更为明显,且随着试验时间的延长,作用呈增强趋势。就促采食作用而言,50 mg/kg GABA的效果要优于其他水平,该组母猪不仅在分娩后第1周(P<0.01)、第2周(P<0.10)和第3周(P<0.10),而且在整个试验期(P<0.01)都明显高于对照组。从相关激素看,与对照组相比,50 mg/kg GABA组母猪分娩后第1周血清瘦素含量显著降低(P<0.05),第2周、第3周血清神经肽Y(NPY)含量显著升高(P<0.01、P<0.05)。50 mg/kg GABA组在分娩时(P<0.10)与分娩后第2周(P<0.05)血清生长激素(GH)含量也明显高于对照组。由此可见,日粮中添加GABA对改善哺乳母猪生产性能具有一定作用,摄食调节作用主要通过影响血液中NPY和瘦素含量实现,效果与添加水平和哺乳阶段密切相关,以50 mg/kg GABA作用为佳。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of γ-amino butyric acid （GABA） from 0 to 150 mg/kg on the performance and serum hormone levels in Yorkshire lactating sows. Forty sows were randomly allocated to five treatments with eight replicates in each and one sow in each replicate according to single factor design. The trial lasted for 21 days. The results showed that 1） the GABA had a positive effect on improving feed intake, weight loss, estrus interval and performance of piglets to some extent. The effect of GABA was mainly influenced by the level of GABA added in diet and nursery phase. It was noted that the effect of GABA in lower levels was better than that of high levels and became even better with the nursery phase prolonged. As to feed intake, the effect of 50 mg/kg GABA was better than that of the control in week 1 （P〈0.01）, week 2 （P〈0.10）, week 3 （P〈0.10） and the whole experimental period （P〈0. 01） ; 2） comparing with the control group, the level of leptin in serum in 50 mg/kg GABA group significantly decreased （P〈0.05）, and the level of NPY obviously increased in week 2 and week 3 （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. In addition, the level of GH in 50 mg/kg GABA group in delivery （P〈0. 10） and week 2 （P〈0. 05） were obviously higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, GABA improved the performance and feed intake by regulating the levels of NPY and leptin in serum of sows, and the effect was mainly related to the addition level and nursery phase. The suitable GABA level was 50 mg/kg.