论《庄子》文本的纵向结构层次

On the Longitudinal Structure's Hierarchies in the Text of "Chuang Zi"

文学作品一般都是由"言"、"象"、"意"三个层次构成的层层深入的内在审美结构,由于《庄子》公开宣称它是以"藉外论之"的寓言为主的文本,即所谓"寓言十九",因而这一特征表现得更为鲜明突出。作者总是将某种哲理、旨意寄寓在特定的形象、故事之中,而这特定的形象、故事又通过一定的文学语言描叙出来,这就由表及里自然地形成了"言"(话语)、"象"(形象)、"意"(意蕴)三个层面,共同构成《庄子》文本极为典型、极富诗性、极具魅力的"召唤结构"。

The inner aesthetics structure of literary works is often made of three hierarchies： ＂Yan＂ （language）, ＂Xiang＂ （image）, ＂ Yi＂ （meaning）. ＂ Chuang Zi＂ claimed that the 90% text in it was made of fables mainly, and whose features were prominent particularly. The writer always hid some philosophy or meaning into the given images and stories which were described by some literary language, therefore, the text of ＂Chuang Zi＂ formed three hierarchies： ＂Yan＂, ＂Xiang＂, ＂Yi＂. ＂Yan＂ in ＂ Chuang Zi＂ is particular, individual and literary language, including connotation, psychological meaning and unreadabihty. ＂ Xiang＂ in ＂Chuang Zi＂ is unthinkable images, characterized as unification of subjective and objective, of assumption and reality, of individual and common, of certain and uncertain. ＂Yi＂ in ＂Chuang Zi＂ is philosophical meaning mainly, characterized as complicated, meaningful, artistic, unknowable, unspoken, aesthetics and historical. In a word, ＂Yan＂, ＂ Xiang＂, ＂Yi＂ in ＂ Chuang Zi＂ are artistic, ample and impelling, forming the typical, poetic and charming ＂impelling structure＂.