环境民事公益诉讼原告适格问题浅析

Analysis on the Plaintiff Qualified in Environmental Civil Litigation for Public Interest

从大学教授为自然物申诉到普通市民提起的维权诉讼,环境民事公益诉讼已经成为学界关注的热点,众多学者纷纷撰文支持将此项制度纳入我国的法律。可是,为什么在现实状态下,环境民事公益诉讼总是走向夭折呢?原告适格问题是其最大的障碍。在赞成环境民事公益诉讼的学者中,对于谁才是适格的原告,大概有四种观点。文章认为,民间环境保护组织以其公益的性质、环保的宗旨、专业的技术和雄厚的资金,克服了检察院和自然人(公民)诉讼的不足,成为比较合适的选择,但是由于其先天的不足,在制度构建时应该采取一些措施去规制和约束它。

Environmental civil litigation for public interest has become academic concerns, from university professors＇litigation about natural objects to common citizens＇ about human rights. Many scholars support that this system should be included in China laws. However, why is environmental civil litigation for public interest always to mortality in reality？ Qualified plaintiff is the biggest obstacle. Among the scholars in favor of environmental civil litigation for public interest, who is qualified for the plaintiff？ There are four kinds of opinions. This article holds that the followings can be the appropriate choices ： civil environmental protection organizations, the nature of its public welfare, environmental protection purposes, the major technology and abundant capital, overcoming the lack of action for Procuratorate and natural persons （citizens）. However, because of their inherent deficiencies, a number of measures will be taken to regulate and bound the system.