发光菌在污水处理领域的应用

Application of Bioluminescent Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment

发光菌急性毒性试验具有操作简单、检测速度快、灵敏度高和成本低等优点,并且毒性分析和化学分析结果之间存在一定的相关性,因此发光菌毒性试验常作为水质分析的筛选性试验,是化学分析的有效补充,在污水处理领域被广泛应用。采用发光菌可以评估污水在处理前后的毒性变化、特定化合物的毒性、各种处理工艺的处理效率,为水质毒性分析、排放水对环境的影响及处理工艺的改造提供重要的数据支持。综述了发光菌的特征及检测原理、国内外相关检测标准及检测系统、发光菌在污水处理中的应用、发光菌毒性指标和化学指标的联系,并展望了发光菌在未来污水处理领域的应用及发展。

The acute toxicity test of bioluminescent bacteria, often being chosen as the first screening method in wastewater quality analysis, is a useful method supplementing chemical analysis and is widely employed in the field of wastewater treatment because of its simple operation, rapid determination, high sensitivity, low cost and certain correlations between chemical analysis and biological toxicity tests. The bioluminescent bacteria toxicity test can be used to assess the toxicity of untreated wastewater and treated wastewater, the toxicities of some specified compounds, and the toxicity removal efficiency of treatment technologies and then provide important supporting information for the toxicity assessment, the impact of effluent on the environment, and the reconstruction of the treatment processes. The characteris- tics and principle of bacterial bioluminescence test, the related standards and measurement systems, the application of bioluminescent bacteria in wastewater treatment, and the correlations between chemical analysis and bioluminescent bacteria toxicity tests are summarized. Meanwhile, the application and development of bioluminescent bacterial in the field of wastewater treatment in the future are prospected.