应用鼻翼和口角定位眶下孔和颏孔的应用解剖学研究

Applied Anatomy of Infraorbital and Mental Foramen Indicated by Nasal Wing and Cheilion

目的：应用鼻翼和口角标记定位眶下孔和颏孔，为颌面外科手术避免损伤出入两孔的血管神经提供应用解剖学资料。方法：取30例10％甲醛溶液固定尸体头部标本，解剖暴露眶下孔和颏孔。眶下孔和颏孔测量点为各自中心点，鼻翼测量点为鼻翼外侧下脚。测量两侧眶下孔、颏孔、鼻翼及口角之间的距离，眶下孔和颏孔最大径，鼻翼至经眶下孔垂直线的垂直距离、眶下孔至经鼻翼水平线的垂直距离、眶下孔至鼻翼直线距离，口角至经颏孔水平线的垂直距离、颏孔至经口角垂直线的垂直距离、颏孔至口角直线距离。结果：眶下孔定位在鼻翼上方（13．9±3．6）mm，向外（6．7±2．8）mm处；眶下孔与鼻翼间直线距离为（16．4±3．2）mm。颏孔定位在口角下方（20．6±2．9）mm，向内（3．4±3．1）mm处；颏孔与口角间直线距离为（21．7±3．3）mm。结论：以鼻翼和口角为标记定位眶下孔及颏孔位置，有助于临床避免损伤出入两孔的血管神经。

Objective：To determine the positions of infraorbital and mental foramina based on nasal wings and corners of the mouth, in order to provide anatomic data for dentofacial surgery to avoid injuries of blood vessels and nerves at both entrance and exit holes. Methods：Thirty cadavers （60 sides） , which fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, were dissected to expose infraorbital and mental foramen, whose center points were served as respective measure points. The lateral cubieulum of nasal wings were served as measure points. The distances between bilateral infraorbital and mental foramina, alae nasi, cheilions; the longest diameters of infraorbital and mental foramina; the vertical distances from alae nasi to the vertical line through suborbital foramen, from infraorbital foramen to the horizontal line through wing of nose, from cheilions to the horizontal line through mental foramina, from mental foramen to the vertical line through cheilions, and the distances between mental foramina and cheilions, infraorbital foramina and alae nasi, were measured, respectively. Results：The Infraorbital foramen located at the superior （6.7± 2.8 ） mm and lateral （ 13.9 ± 3.6 ） mm to alae nasi. However, the mental foramen located at the inferior （20.6 ± 2.9） mm and medial （ 3.4 ± 3.1 ） mm to cheilions. The distances between infraorbital foramina and alae nasi, cheilions and mental foramina, were （ 16.4 ±3.2 ） mm and （21.7± 3.3 ） mm, respectively. Conclusions： Localization of infraorbital and mental foramina by the marks of cheilion and alae nasi, contributes to dentofacial surgery to avoid injuries of blood vessels and nerves at both entrance and exit holes.