遮光对超级稻沈农014主要稻米品质的影响

Effect of Shading on Major Qualities of Rice

以沈农014为试材,通过齐穗期遮光处理,塑造不同叶片光合产物供应能力,研究同化物供应能力对产量及主要稻米品质的影响。结果表明,遮光处理后穗颖花数普遍提高;穗粒重普遍下降,遮光程度为90%时,一次枝梗、二次枝梗的千粒重和结实率都降低,遮光程度为70%和40%时,一次枝梗、二次枝梗的千粒重和结实率都比对照提高;当遮光程度分别为70%、40%时,糙米率、精米率和整精米率普遍提高,而遮光90%时,糙米率、精米率和整精米率则都下降;随着稻株光合能力的下降,垩白粒率和垩白度增加,遮光程度为90%时,垩白粒率和垩白度达到最大值;所有遮光处理的蛋白质含量和脂肪酸含量都提高,直链淀粉和食味值则都下降。

Shennong 014, a super rice variety, was treated with shading at full heading stage to study the effect of assimilate-supply capacity on major qualities of rice. The results showed that the shading increased flowers per panicle significantly and decreased grain weight. When treated with 90% shading, the 1000-grian weight and kernel setting rate on primary and secondal7 rachis-hranches decreased. When treated with 70% and 40% shading, the 1000-grian weight and kernel setting rate on primary and secondary raehis-branehes were more than those of control. The brown rice rate, polished rice rate and head rice rate increased generally when treated with 70% and 40% shading, and decreased when treated with 90% shading. When shaded by 90%, the chalky grain rate and ehalkiness degree reached the highest values. The protein and fat content increased and amylase content decreased when treated by shading.