颅脑外伤机械通气患者胃肠内营养并发症原因分析及护理对策

Traumatic brain injury in patients with mechanical ventilation complications of enteral nutrition analysis and nursing measures

目的总结颅脑外伤机械通气患者胃肠内营养并发症的原因,并提出护理对策,旨在提高护理质量。方法回顾性分析46例颅脑外伤机械通气患者实施胃肠内营养发生腹胀、腹泻、便秘、返流、误吸、管道堵塞、消化道出血、高血糖、提前拔管等并发症的原因进行分析。结果主要原因为肠内菌群失调、气囊充气不足、长期卧床后肠蠕动减弱以及不习惯床上排便、液体滴注速度过快、营养液中的蛋白质凝固及患者机体抵抗力降低,加上插管创伤及禁食后机体的应激改变等因素。结论严密观察病情,加强基础护理,加强患者及家属健康指导,是预防并发症发生的关键。

Objective To summarize the mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury enteral nutrition complications, and nursing measures designed to improve quality of care. Methods Retrospective analysis of 46 cases of craniocerebral trauma of mechanical ventilation the implementation of enteral nutrition in patients with abdominal distention, diarrhea, constipation, reflux, aspiration, pipe plug, gastrointestinal bleeding, high blood sugar, complications such as early extubation of the reasons for for analysis. Results The main reason for the intestinal flora imbalance, lack of air bags inflated, long-term bed-ridden and weakened peristalsis after defecation are not used to the bed, liquid drip too fast, nutrition, fluid and protein coagulation in patients with lower body resistance, coupled with intubation of trauma and stress of fasting the body to change and other factors. Conclusion The close observation of the disease, strengthening basic care, to strengthen the health of patients and their families guidance, are the key to the prevention of complications.