国家女子举重运动员的医学监督与研究

Medical Supervision and Research in Chinese Elite Female Weightlifters

在国家女子举重队备战2008年奥运会期间,着重通过影响血液循环效率的主要因素和影响因素入手,采用先进的HP彩色多普勒超声心动图、心电图等技术对23名女子举重运动员的心率、血压、每搏心输出量、心输出量、心肌收缩性能、心脏形态结构等心血管机能参数及心电变化进行了密切监控,确保了国家女子举重运动员以良好的心血管机能状态完成训练和比赛任务。研究发现,女子举重运动员心血管系统对运动训练的适应性明显区别于耐力项目运动员,主要表现在:心率偏高,心率储备不高;心电异常的发生率明显低于耐力项目,心律失常类型主要有窦性心律不齐、窦性心动过缓和心肌缺血,均为常见的运动性心律失常,不影响正常的训练和比赛。心脏壁厚度和心腔大小均为正常水平,无心脏肥大形成。对运动员伤病的追踪调查发现,女子举重运动员伤病主要为肌肉损伤、腰椎间盘突出及左肩峰下滑囊炎,伤病部位主要为在腰和肩部。研究发现,女子举重运动员腰部、臀部及膝关节的发病率较以前有下降趋势。

During the preparation for the 2008 Olympic Games, besides monitoring on the blood, muscle metabolism and the endocrine system, we also strengthened the monitoring of cardiovascular system. We used the technology of Doppler echocardiography and ECG to monitor the change of the cardiovascular function and ECG which including heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac stroke volume, cardiac output, myocardial contractility, myocardial morphology and structure to ensure the elite female weightlifting athletes to maintain a good states of cardiovascular function for the training and the competition. The research showed that the cardiovascular systems of the elite female weightlifting athletes are significantly different from the endurance athletes in training adaptability. It mainly included that they have higher heart rate and lower heart rate reserve, significantly lower incidence of anomalous ECG. Their arrhythmia types are common type of exercise-induced arrhythmia, including sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia and lightly myocardial ischemia. So it is not interfere in athletes with the normal training and competition. In addition, the thickness of myocardium and size of cardiac cavity are normal. A survey on the athletes＇ injuries showed that their injuries mainly focus on muscle injury, lumbar disc herniation and bursitis of left infra-acromion which mainly located on the waist and shoulders.