生态重建目标下石羊河流域水资源空间配置优化——基于分布式水资源管理模型

Spatial Allocation of Water Resource and Environmental Rehabilitation in Shiyang River Basin,Gansu Province,China——Application of a Distributed Water Resource Management Model

石羊河流域的生态环境退化对于河西走廊乃至西北干旱地区的生态安全形成了严重的威胁。论文构建了基于GBEM模型的分布式水资源管理模型,研究了在生态重建目标下石羊河流域水资源空间配置优化方案和实现途径。分析结果显示,"石羊河流域重点治理规划"的预期目标难以实现,应当在不影响生态重建目标的前提下,以提高流域整体的水资源利用效益为导向,优化水资源利用的空间组织,并通过流域内部的利益补偿,解决水资源空间配置优化带来的区域间收入差异问题。应通过推进水权交易实现水资源空间配置优化及相应的利益补偿,在提高水效益的同时,促进水资源分配的公平。生态退化严重的民勤湖区的农业人口需要逐步转移出来,以减轻当地的生态环境负荷。

Land degradation and desertification due to excessive use of water resources has become a severe environmental problem in Shiyang River basin.It has brought serious menace to both in and out of the basin which was noticed by the whole nation.The Shiyang River Rehabilitation Plan was audited in 2007 whose effects were emerged now with some problems.In order to maintain the economic goal under such background,the water use efficiency should be the first important thing and spatial water allocation should be optimized.Therefore,a GIS-based bio-economic model（GBEM） is applied.The different impacts on upstream and downstream are compared and discussed.It was found that farmer＇s income in downstream would be seriously affected,and would be unable to resume to the current level even though the water-saving technologies,greenhouse solar was developed and off-farm employment was promoted under the environmental rehabilitation.The situation in upstream would be much better.The income would be in creased in both the whole basin and downstream through the alternative water allocation and compensation.Finally,certain agricultural development pattern matching the alternative water allocation and measures to maintain the win-win goals of each zone is implicated based on the discussion.