三亚市土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动机制研究

Land Use and Land Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in Sanya

土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动机制是全球变化和可持续发展研究的前沿与重点领域,案例剖析是解释土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动机制的有效途径。论文以1991、1999、2005年的遥感影像为基本数据源,运用G IS空间分析方法,研究了三亚市土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动机制。结果表明:①三亚市土地利用/覆被变化特征为:耕地主要转为建设用地,林地主要转为园地,建设用地表现为"突变式"增长与分散布局,园地由沿海平原台地向北部丘陵山地扩展,土地利用景观破碎化趋势显著;②三亚市外部环境诱导和内部矛盾相互作用,推动旅游休闲产业以成片建设开发模式发展和农业结构大幅度调整,驱动着耕地向建设用地、林地向园地为核心的快速土地利用类型转换。旅游休闲用地成片开发模式导致了建设用地的突变式增长和分散布局,农业结构的快速调整导致了园地由沿海平原台地向北部丘陵山区快速扩张;③三亚市应面向建设国际性滨海旅游城市的战略目标,转变土地开发利用方式,严格执行土地利用总体规划,保护自然景观资源的可持续利用,保障旅游休闲产业的可持续发展。

Land-change science has emerged as a foundational element of global environment change and sustainability science.Sanya locating at the southernmost point of China is undergoing a period of rapid economic growth now.As a case of atypical industrialization region,its characteristics of land use and land cover change（LUCC） and its driving forces are different from other typical regions.This paper analyzes the LUCC and its driving forces from 1991 to 2005,using high-resolution remote sensing data of 1991,2000 and 2005,and socio-economic data from both research institutes and government departments.The outcomes indicated：（1） Farmland reduced 7.1% in 1991-1999 and 18.3% in 1999-2005,which was mainly converted into construction land.The area of forested land decreased 8.5% and 19.6% in 1991-1999 and 1999-2005,which was mainly converted into garden plot.The increase of construction land was characterized by ＂leapfrogging increment model＂ and scattered distribution,while garden plot extended from coastal plain to the northern hilly area.It is remarkable that the landscape became more and more fragmented.（2） The superior policy of special economic zones and favorable external economic environment are the inductive forces of leisure tourism industry and tropic characteristic agriculture.The conflict between urbanization and atypical industrialization is the endogenous forces of them,which contributed to the large-area development and fast agricultural structure adjustment.Large-area development brought about the ＂leapfrogging increment model＂ and scattered distribution of construction land,and fast agricultural structure adjustment makes garden plot extend from coastal plain to the northern hilly area.（3） In accordance with the objective of international tourism city,some feasible suggestions are given including transformation of land use model,rational land use planning,and protection of natural landscape in order to promote sustainable development ability of tourism.