美国水土流失预测预报与动态监测──赴美水土保持新技术考察报告摘录

Soil and Water Loss Prediction and Monitoring in USA -Extracts from 《Investigation Report of New-tech on Soil and Water Conservation in USA》

依据近期对美国水土保持新技术考察，介绍了美国水土流失预测预报和动态监测最新进展。美国目前正在研究和应用的水土流失预测预报模型主要包括，一类是以通用土壤流失方程式修订版（RUSLE）为代表的基于经验和统计的回归模型；一类是以水力侵蚀预报项目研究成果（WEPP）为代表的着重过程研究的模型。前者主要用于估算一定区域的土壤侵蚀量，后者用于研究土壤侵蚀随时间和空间变化的规律。模型所需水土流失动态数据的采集、传输、分析、处理以及发布主要依靠由高新技术支持的全国数据网络系统。

A brief introduction of current progress on soil and water loss prediction and moni-toring in USA is presented based on the investigation early this year. There are 2 main types ofsoil and water loss prediction model to be used in USA. One such as RUSLE,is based on exper-imental and statistical data and used for evaluation of amount of soil loss from a region, Anoth-er one is represented by WEPP(Water Erosion Prediction Project), which is used to deal withthe process of soil erosion by water. Soil and water loss data collection, transmission, process-ing, analyzing and releasing are supported by the national data- net work of high -tech.