药物过敏动物模型研究进展

Progress of animal models with drug hypersensitivity

药物过敏是药物临床应用和临床前研究面临的一个严重问题,预测性差,发生机制尚未明确,主要分为系统综合征和药物性皮肤反应2类。目前认为,其发生机制可能是药物通过直接或间接途径引发机体免疫病理反应。制备理想的动物模型是研究其作用机制的关键环节,最常用的模型动物有豚鼠、大鼠、小鼠和兔,在一些特殊药物实验中也使用猫、犬和猪。不同药物过敏动物模型的制备方法不同,评价方法和检测指标也不尽相同。结合相应的超敏反应病理学检测指标,探索建立适当的动物模型和合理评价体系,有助于提高对药物过敏的预测性。

Drug hypersensitivity is a key problem in clinical drug-therapeutics and drug preclinicil research. Drug hypersensitivity is unpredictable and its mechanism is still unknown. Drug hypersensitivity can be divided into 2 categories, systemic syndrome and cutaneous drug reactions. It is believed now that drugs can induce drug hypersensitivity through direct or indi- rect immune pathways. Preparing the ideal animal models with drug hypersensitivity is essential for elucidating the mechanism of drug hypersensitivity. The animals most commonly used for drug hypersensitivity models are guinea pig, rat, mouse and rabbit. Cat, dog and porcine models are also used in some special drug researches. Different protocols are used to prepare different animal models of drug hypersensitivity according to the distinct drug characters and animal immune systems, and different evaluation methods and indexes are also used. Establishing appropriate animal models and evaluation system is helpful to give drug hypersen- sitivity warning.