马克思、恩格斯悲剧观的文化批判精神及其当代意义

On the Cultural Criticism and Contemporary Significance of Marx and Engels' Tragedy View

马克思、恩格斯的悲剧观所蕴含的文化批判精神指向一切既有的和将要生成的事物,它最主要的批判维度有三:一、指向尚未生成的可能性的疆域;二、指向现有的造物(包括自然存在物和人的造物)的自在性和异己性;三、指向主体自身,进行理论和实践的自我批判和自我觉醒。由此马克思、恩格斯的悲剧观从悲剧与政治、经济、历史的多重内在建构关系中来阐明悲剧的本质,建构自己的社会批判理论,通过揭示人的存在具有自相矛盾、二律背反的悖论性质,显现社会发展的另一种可能性空间,从外在的价值批判转向历史的自我批判,实现对资本主义社会及其思想文化的批判与超越。

The cultural criticism entailed in Marx and Engels＇ tragedy view is directed toward all the existing and coming things, and it covers three criticism dimensionality. Starting from the multiple inner relationship between tragedy and politics, economy, and history, Marx and Engels＇ tragedy view illustrated the nature of tragedy and constructed their own theory of social criticism. By exposing that human existence is self-contradictory and of antinomy, their tragedy view showed another space of possibility, turning outer value-criticism to historical self-criticism, thus realized criticism to capitalist society and its ideology and culture.