云南省大理州高原湖泊湿地蚊类多样性的研究

Study on mosquitoes diversity in lake wetlands of Dali prefecture,Yunnan plateau

目的对云南省大理州的洱海、西湖、茈碧湖、剑湖、草海、青海湖6个主要高原湖泊湿地的蚊类多样性进行调查和研究。方法于2007年和2008年8月中旬应用紫外灯诱捕法对各湖泊中或两岸临水域村舍夜间活动的成蚊进行多样性调查取样和统计分析。结果共捕获蚊类215707只,隶属2亚科5属19种,其中,三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种,占捕蚊总数的85.54%;中华按蚊较为常见,占10.95%;其他蚊类数量均较少。统计分析结果显示:(1)物种丰富度以茈碧湖和剑湖较为丰富,西湖和草海次之,洱海和青海湖较低,由南向北,各湖泊湿地蚊类物种丰富度呈现先增高后降低的分布格局;(2)Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数以茈碧湖和草海最高,西湖和剑湖次之,洱海和青海湖最低,各湖泊蚊类物种多样性由南向北呈升高的趋势,而其密度呈降低的趋势,显示两者分布曲线的总体变化趋势呈负相关。结论湖泊蚊类物种多样性与蚊密度呈负相关关系,优势种三带喙库蚊主导了当地蚊类多样性的变化趋势。此外,各湖泊蚊类物种多样性、均匀度和生态优势度指数及密度的高低,不同程度地反映出人为干扰因素对各湖泊湿地的影响和环境条件的优劣及差异。

Objective To firstly investigate the diversity of mosquitoes in the six lake wetland of the northwestern Yunnan, including Qinghai Lake, Erhai Lake, Xihu Lake, Cibi Lake, Jianhu Lake and Caohai Lake. Methods During August of 2007 and 2008, adult mosquitoes were caught with UV light-traps in the Lakes or some villages near to lakes and analyzed. Results A total of 215 707 adult mosquitoes were collected and identified belonging to 2 subfamilies, 19 species and 5 genera. Among them, Culex tritaeniorhychus was the dominant species （85.54%）, and Anopheles sinensis was common species （10.95%）. The statistical results suggested： （1） The species of mosquitoes from Cibi Lake and Jianhu Lake were the most abundant, that from Xihu Lake and Caohai Lake was second. That from the Erhai Lake and Qinghai Lake was the minimum. From south to north, the species richness presents increase tendency. （2） Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in Cibi Lake and Caohai Lake were the highest, the second was Xihu Lake and Jianhu Lake. That in Erhai Lake and Qinghai Lake was the minimum. From south to north, the species diversity（H＇） of mosquito showed an increase tendency, but the density（D） showed decrease tendency. The two distribution curve showed a negative correlation. Conclusion Species diversity and density of mosquito showed a negative correlation in lake wetland, and Cx.tritaeniorhychus, as dominant species, leaded the changing tendency of the diversity of mosquito. In addition, many factors such as species diversity, evenness and ecological dominance reflected the effect of artificial factors on lake wetlands and environment.