广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性研究

Bioassay of Pogostemon cablin (Blanoa) Benth oil against Aedes albopictus Skuse

目的测定广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性,筛选出一种对蚊虫具有驱杀活性的植物精油。方法在实验室条件下,用浸液法测定水蒸汽蒸馏提取的广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊各龄期幼虫及蛹的毒杀活性;用改良三角瓶法测定其对白纹伊蚊成蚊的熏杀活性;采用个体涂肤有效保护时间测定法测试其对白纹伊蚊的驱避活性。结果(1)广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊各龄期幼虫均有较强的毒杀活性,对1～4龄期幼虫及蛹24h的LC50值分别是20、34、59、60和187μg/ml;(2)广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊成蚊的熏杀快速有效,在18、36、54μg/cm3三种熏蒸剂量下,对白纹伊蚊熏杀的KT50值分别是14.692、16.528和14.807min;(3)以1.5、2.0和2.5mg/cm2剂量的广藿香精油涂抹人体皮肤,其完全保护时间分别是(2.70±0.12)h、(4.40±0.10)h和(6.00±0.44)h。结论广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊均有较好的生物活性,具有研发成环保型蚊虫驱杀剂的潜力。

Objective To test the bioactivity of essential oil extracted from Pogostemon cablin （Blanoa） Benth against Aedes albopictus Skuse, so as to find a new kind of mosquito repellent. Methods Essential oil was extracted from P.cablin by steam distillation. The bioassay against larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus was carried out by immersion method. The aduhicidal of P.cablin against Ae.albopictus was investigated by modified flask method. The repellent activity of pure P.cablin oil to Ae. albopictus was assayed by topical bioassay method on the skin. Results （1） P.cablin oil had strong toxicity to larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus. The LC50 values of P.cablin oil to I, II, III, IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus were 20, 34, 59, 60 and 187μg/ml after treatment for 24 h, respectively. （2） The fumigation efficacy of P.cablin oil to adult Ae.albopictus was quick and efficient, and the KT50 values against Ae.albopictus were 14.692, 16.528 and 14.807 min at the dosages of 18, 36 and 54 μg/cm3, respectively. （3） The 100% protection time offered by P.cablin oil on the skin were （2.70±0.12） h, （4.40±0.10） h and （6.00±0.44） h at dosages of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/cm：^2 ,respectively. Conclusion P.cablin oil has good bioactivity to Ae.albopictus, which is a kind of potential environment-friendly mosquito-repellent.