2005-2006年浙江省东阳市鼠疫宿主动物监测情况分析

Surveillance of host animals of plague in Zhejiang Dongyang during 2005-2006

目的了解东阳市鼠疫历史疫区宿主动物的种群构成、变迁及数量分布情况,为鼠疫防治工作提供基础资料。方法采用笼夜法。对捕获的鼠类及捡获的蚤类进行鉴定;计算鼠染蚤率和蚤指数;采用间接血球凝集试验(IHA)检测鼠疫F1抗体;"四步"检验法进行鼠疫病原学活体培养。结果捕获鼠类动物1269只,隶属1目2科6属10种。褐家鼠(67.57%)为室内优势种,黑腹绒鼠(71.72%)为野外优势种,室内外鼠密度分别为1.42%和2.42%。在1197只鼠类动物中发现染蚤鼠10只,捡获蚤17匹,鼠体染蚤率0.84%,总蚤指数0.01。采集鼠血清1216份,经IHA检测均呈阴性,病原学活体培养1007份,未发现鼠疫菌。结论褐家鼠和黑腹绒鼠仍是东阳市室内外的主要鼠种,不等单蚤为主要蚤种,染蚤率和总蚤指数低于鼠疫控制标准警戒线,鼠疫F1抗体和病原学检测均呈阴性,目前未发现有鼠间鼠疫流行迹象。

Objective To understand species composition, migration, distribution of the host animals in the historic epidemic areas of Dongyang, and to provide the primary data for the plague prevention and control. Methods The live trap was used in this investigation. The rats caught and the fleas collected from rats were identified, and the infection rate of rats and flea index were counted. Indirect hemorrhagic assay （IHA） was used to test the plague F1 antibody. Plague pathogen was cultured in vivo by four-step testing method. Results A total of 1269 rats were captured, belonging to 1 order 2 family 6 genus 10 species. Rattus norvegieus was the dominant species of indoor rested rats, accounted for 67.57%. While Eothenomys melanogaster Cashmere predominated in the wild with a proportion of 71.72%. And the rat density indoor and outdoor was 1.42% and 2.42%, respectively. There were only 10 rats that were found to be infected by flea among 1197 rats. And 17 fleas were collected. The infection rate of fleas to rats was 0.84%, and the total index of flea was 0.01. There were 1216 serology specimens sampled, which were all negative. No plague was isolated from 1007 specimens cultured in rive. Conclusion R.norvegieus and E.melanogaster Cashmere were the dominant species indoors and outdoors,and and Ceratophyllus anisus was the main flea. Both the flea infections rate and total flea index were all lower than the control standard precaution line of plague. No positive results were observed. So far, there is no information showing the prevalence of plague during rats in Dongyang.