小儿寰枢椎半脱位相关因素分析及干预

Analysis of Factors Related to Atlantoaxial Subluxation of Children Patients and the Interventions

目的回顾性分析小儿寰枢椎半脱位的相关因素,探讨切实可行的预防及护理措施。方法收集脊柱病区2005年9月—2008年3月共41例寰枢椎半脱位患儿资料,分别从年龄、性别、病因、发病季节、就诊时间及治疗效果方面进行分析,并探讨就诊时间与治疗效果的相关性。结果本组寰枢椎半脱位患儿,男性(25例)多于女性患儿(16例);寰枢椎半脱位发生的4种病因中,外伤为最主要的致病原因(80%),但不同病因在各年龄段患儿中患病情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同性别患儿各个季节的患病情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男性患儿冬季患病较多,女性患儿春季患病较多;Logistic回归分析显示,就诊越及时治疗效果越好。结论小儿寰枢椎半脱位的发病与季节有关,应加强患儿及家长健康教育,根据不同季节进行病因预防,做到早期预防、诊治,避免并发症的发生。

Objective Through a retrospective analysis of the factors related to atlantoaxial subluxation of children patients, to explore the practicable preventive and nursing measures. Methods An analysis was made of the age, gender, cause for the disease, season of the incidence of the disease, time of seeking medical treatment and the effect of treatment of 41cases hospitalized between Sept., 2005 and Mar., 2008 with atlantoaxial subluxation. And the correlation between the time of seeking medical treatment and the treatment effect was studied. Results Male patients were more than female patients. Of the four causes for the atlantoaxial subluxation, trauma was ranked the most important one （80%）. The different causes had no statistical significance in the incidence among the children of different age groups（P〉0.05）, while the factor of the season of the incidence of atlantoaxial subluxation did, with the incidence of the males mainly in winter and that of females, in spring （P〈0.05）. And it was revealed by the Logistic regressive analysis that the more timely the treatment, the better the effect. Conclusion The incidence of atlantoaxial subluxation among children is related to the factor of season. Therefore, health education should be conducted for the children patients and their parents for timely finding and treatment and to minimize the complications.