中国对虾与罗非鱼施肥混养的基础研究

Basic studies on polyculture of Chineseshrimp and Taiwan red tilapia infertilized seawater ponds

用４个海水池塘陆基围隔（５ｍ×５ｍ），进行了封闭式施肥混养中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与台湾红罗非鱼（Ｏｒｅｏｃｈｒｏｍｉｓｍｏｓａｍｂｉｃｕｓ×Ｏ．ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ）的基础研究。结果表明，在不同密度条件下，对虾成活率４５．０％～８６．７％（平均６６４．２％），产量为７５．７～１１１．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２（５７ｄ），生产力为０．１９／ｍ２·ｄ。池塘对中国对虾的负荷力为１７０．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。其中某些围隔对虾死亡较多的原因是负荷量超过了负荷力，发生饵料缺乏和自残。在限定罗非鱼放养量（８×１０３尾／ｈｍ２）的条件下，鱼虾最适放养尾数配比为１∶３，中国对虾（体长５．５５ｃｍ）的最适放养量为２４×１０３尾／ｈｍ２左右。

4 land-based experimental enclosures(each 5m×5m in size)set in a seawater pond were used.Chinese shrimps (Penaeus chinensis),and Taiwan red tilapia(Oreochromis mossambicus×O.niloticus)with 4 density ratioes were stocked in each enclosure separately.The survival rates of shrimp were 45.0%～86.7%,depending on stocking densities.And the yields of shrimp were 75.7～111.8kg/hm2(57d).The productivity of shrimp was 0.19g·m-2·d-1 and the carrying capacity of the pond for shrimps was 170.0kg/hm2. The chief reason for the higher mortality in certain enclosures was that the standing crop was so high that it was beyond the carrying capacity,so the food supply was poor and the shrimps suffered from a cannibalism.The optimum density ratio of fish to shrimp was 1∶3(by number) when the fish stocking density was 8×103 fish/hm2 and the optimum shrimp stocking density was 24×103 shrimp/hm2 in the fertilized ponds.