影响近视患者屈光度的相关因素分析

Analysis of correlative factors effecting on diopter in myopia

目的:探讨近视眼患者屈光度与眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、眼压及角膜厚度的相关关系及各因素对近视屈光度的影响。方法:随机抽取行LASIK手术的近视患者430例,分为3组:低度近视组140例(≤-3.00D);中度近视组177例(>-3.00D,≤-6.00D),高度近视组113例(>-6.00D)。测量患者眼的屈光度、眼压、角膜厚度、角膜屈光力及眼轴。结果:低度、中度、高度近视组眼轴长度分别为:24.33±0.86mm,25.45±0.78mm,26.12±1.05mm。各近视组之间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组屈光力分别为:42.96±1.40D,44.09±1.32D,43.59±1.33D。中、高度近视组与低度近视组比较差异具有统计学意义(r=0.096,0.0062,P<0.05);各组眼压分别为:15.71±2.51mmHg,16.04±2.48mmHg,16.89±2.31mmHg。眼压与屈光度呈正相关关系(r=0.185,0.192,P<0.05);各组角膜厚度分别为:604.66±51.47μm,531.17±37.06μm,533.03±35.61μm。中度、高度近视的角膜厚度与低度近视的角膜厚度有显著差异(r=0.506,0.613,P<0.05)。结论:在近视性屈光不正的影响因素中,眼轴长度是影响近视程度的主要因素,随屈光度的增加,眼轴长度增加;眼压也是近视发生、发展过程中不可忽视的因素,眼压随眼轴长度和屈光度增加而增加;中、高度近视除眼轴增长外,角膜屈光力也是重要影响因素,而对在低度近视的作用甚微。角膜厚度与屈光度有直接相关关系,还与长期配戴角膜接触镜等因素有关。

AIM： To study the correlations between diopter and axis length, cornea curvature, thickness, intraocular pressure in myopia patients. METHODS： Four hundred and thirty myopic patients who were ready for LASIK were selected randomly. They were divided into three groups according to the diopter of myopia：low myopia group（≤-3.00D） 140 cases, medium myopia group （ 〉-3.00D, ≤-6.00D） 177 cases, and high myopia group （ 〉-6. 00D） 113 cases. The axis length, cornea curvature,thickness , intraocular pressure and the diopter of myopia were decteted. RESULTS. The axis length of low myopia group, medium myopia group, high myopia group was 24.33 ± 0. 86mm, 25. 45 ± 0. 78mm, 26.12 ±1.05mm respectively. There were obvious differences of axis lengths in three groups（ P 〈 0.05）. The cornea curvature of low myopia group, medium myopia group, high myopia group was 42.96 ±1.40D,44.09± 1.32D,43.59 ± 1.33D respectively. The cornea curvature in medium myopia and high myopia was obviously different from those in low myopia group. The positive correlations of intraocular pressure to diopter were found （ r = 0.185,0. 192, P〈 0.05）. The cornea thickness in medium myopia and high myopia was obviously different from those in low myopia group（ r = 0. 506,0. 613, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION= The main effective factor on diopter of myopia is the axis length for most patients. With the increase of axis length,the doipter increases. The effect of intraocular pressure in occurence and development of myopia should be considered. With the increase of axis length and doipter, the intraocular pressure increases. Besides the axis length, cornea curvature is a more important factor in the medium and high myopia group than in low myopia group. The cornea thickness was positively relative to diopter, but long term wearing of contact lens was the main effective factor on cornea thickness.