天津地区主要空气污染物与胚胎停育关系的流行病学研究

Epidemiology research on relationship between mainly air pollutants and embryo diapause in Tianjin

目的初探天津地区主要空气污染物与孕早期胚胎停育之间的关系,从环境角度探讨影响胚胎生长发育、导致胚胎停育的可能危险因素。方法收集天津市市内六区15家综合性三甲医院和妇产科专科医院计划生育门诊2002年1月至2007年8月每月人工流产例数及当月胚胎停育病例的详细信息。获取同期天津市环境监测中心市内六区国控测点常规污染物(SO_2、TSP、PM_(10)、NO_2)的月均浓度。以图表初探天津地区主要空气污染物与胚胎停育的关系,利用SPSS11.0统计软件分析各种污染物之间的相关性,不同月份、季节、采暖期与非采暖期胚胎停育占当月人工流产总数的百分比是否有差别。结果天津地区采暖期空气污染较非采暖期严重,且采暖期受孕者,其发生胚胎停育比例也相对较高,颗粒物质(PM_(10))、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的污染水平与胚胎停育的病例比例呈正相关。空气中的颗粒物质PM_(10)可能是胚胎停育的危险因素,冬春季受孕可能对胚胎发育有潜在的负面影响。结论空气污染对人类胚胎的正常发育可能存在潜在的威胁。

Objective. To study the association between environmental air pollutants and embryo diapause in early pregnancy, explore the probable risk factors for embryo growth and development and embryo abortion on environmental aspect. Methods： We obtained the number of the induced abortion and the details of the embryo abortion patients in each months of 6 recent years of 15 general hospitals and gynecology and obstetrics hospitals in urban field of Tianjin. We obtained the monthly average levels of each air pollutants （SO2 ,TSP,NO2） from 2001 to 2006 in six national monitoring stations in urban field of Tianjin from environment monitoring centre. Compared the differences of the percentage of missed abortion cases in all the abortion operations of each months between months, seasons and heating and nonheating period. To search for the possible relationship between air pollution and embryo diapause by graphs and tables, probable environmental risk factors were analyzed for embryo diapause using SPSS 11.0 statistics software. Results： Air pollution of heating-period in Tianjin was significantly more serious compared with nonheating-period, while the percentage of embryo diapause in all abortions was higher respectively. The levels of PM10 and TSP were correlated with the percentage of embryo diapause cases, and ambient environmental PM10 might increase the risk of embryo abortion. Pregnancy in autumn and winter might cause a adverse effect on embryo development. Conclusion： Air pollution could have an adverse effect on normal embryo development in early pregnancy.