对英语动词时、体的哲学思考

A Philosophical Study of English Tense and Aspect

传统语法学家重视的是时、体和时间之间的表象联系而非本质联系,因而传统语法关于英语动词时、体的定义不能用以对各种有关时、体的语言现象做出统一解释。从唯物辩证法的角度,对英语动词时和体的本质加以探讨,结果发现:体的本质属性标志事物的运动、变化和发展;时标志事物运动的相对静止性;事物的运动和相对静止往往是主客观互动的结果,因此在探索英语动词时、体的本质属性时也必须考虑发话人的主观话语意向。

Based on the view of materialist dialectics, this paper is to explain the essence of English tense and aspect. Traditional grammarians usually focus their attention on the external relationship between tense, aspect and time, while ignoring the essential relationship, as a result of which, the definitions of English tense and aspect based on the traditional grammar theories cannot be used to explain in a unified way the various grammatical phenomena about tense and aspect in English language. After having made a great deal of research, we have found the essence of English aspect denotes move- ment, change and development of the things, the essence of English tense denotes relative rest of the things, and that whether a thing is in motion or in the state of relative rest usually depends on the interaction between objective existence of the things and peoples＇ subjective judgments, and therefore, we should take the speaker＇s intention into account when we are exploring the essence of English tense and aspect.