泥石流滩地农业资源化开发与利用——以蒋家沟为例

EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF DEBRIS FLOW BOTTOMLAND FOR AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT——A CASE STUDY OF JIANGJIA GULLY

泥石流滩地是山区宝贵的土地资源,其农业资源化开发与利用对促进当地社会经济发展和生态环境改善具有重要意义。以蒋家沟流域为例,在野外调查、遥感解译和实验分析的基础上,阐述了泥石流滩地农业资源化的原则和依据,建立了人畜-土地载荷平衡模型,分析了滩地开发利用的依据、效益和途径,并探讨了泥石流滩地未来农业资源化的思路和对策。研究结果表明:(1)建立的人畜-土地载荷平衡模型反映了流域生态环境特征,能有效评价滩地开发利用的生态效益;(2)流域滩地农业资源化每年可产生500多万元的经济效益,除满足全流域6 418人的粮食需求外,还可提供338 t商品粮,是促进当地脱贫致富和社会经济发展的重要途径;(3)泥石流滩地既是宝贵的土地资源又是灾害的场所,其开发与利用可有效缓解山区人地矛盾,具有良好的生态效益,但需要在加强灾害防治和防灾减灾意识的基础上,进行深度农业资源化开发。

In mountainous region,debris-flow bottomland is a precious soil resource with wide and flat terrain,good hydrothermal condition and greatly potential land productivity. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of debris-flow bottomland for agricultural development can help to improve the status of socio-economy and eco-environment. In this paper, on the base of field investigation, experimental analysis and RS and GIS technologies,the principles and basis for reclaiming agriculture from debris-flow bottomland were expounded on systematically, an equation of the relationship between human and livestock consumption and bottomland yield was established,the socio-economic and ecological benefits of developing debris-flow bot- tomland were calculated and countermeasures of agricultural development from debris-flow bottomland were explored through a case of Jiangjia Gually in the upper reaches of Xiaojiang Basin. From this research, the following results and conclusions are got：（1） the established equation can effectively assess the socio- economic and ecological benefits of reclaiming agriculture from debris-flow hottomland and reflect the ecoenvironmental characteristics of a certain valley; （2） the debris-flow bottom of Jiangjia Gully can yield more than 5 million Yuan economic benefits of agriculture every year,which can provide 338 tons of marketable grain production except for producing grain to feed 6418 persons of the whole valley,so it is an important approach to develop rural socio-economy in the impoverished region by exploiting and utilizing the debris-flow land for agriculture; （3） it is necessary to comprehensively exploit and utilize the hottomland of deb- ris-flow area for agricultural development, as well as to strengthen debris-flow disaster prevention and control and enhance consciousness of disaster prevention and mitigation.