私人语言的葬礼——维特根斯坦反私人语言论证

The Funeral of Private Language——Wittgenstein's Anti-Private Language Argument

维特根斯坦反私人语言论证为私人语言举行了一场宏大的葬礼。他在《哲学研究》中从"私人语言"概念出发,通过指出私人语言指称对象的不可能、私人定义的不可能、私有规则的不可能等,对私人语言进行驳斥,说明私人语言的不可能性。并指出,在主客二分思想主导下,排除公共性因素的私人语言的荒谬性,以揭示出由于内在世界与外部世界的隔裂所导致的语言与实在世界的鸿沟。进而揭示出,语言是牢牢镶嵌在生活世界中的,私人语言的荒谬性体现出唯我论试图在内在意识中寻找确定性的迷途,以此来埋葬自笛卡尔以来的近代主体哲学。这就是维特根斯坦反私人语言论证的意义之所在。

Wittgenstein＇ s anti-private language argument held a solemn funeral for private language. In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein started from the concept of private language, demonstrated the impossibility of denoting object, private definition and private rules in private language, and argued that private language was impossible. He, under the guide of subject and object dualism, indicated the absurdity of private language, which eliminated public elements; and presented the great gulf （between language and real world） resulted from the split of intrinsic world from extrinsic world. He then revealed that language was firmly set in the world of life, that the absurdity of private language showed a wrong path by which solipsism tried to seek for some certainty in inner consciousness. And with anti-private language argument, Wittgenstein buried the modem subjective philosoph established by Descartes. This is where the significance of Wittgenstein＇ s anti-private language argument lies in.