从郭店楚简到龙岗秦简看“所”字的发展

From the Guodian Chu-Slips to the Longgang Qin-Slips:The development of "Suo(所)"

"所"字有一个实词虚化的过程。郭店楚简里独用的"所"字有名词和代词的用法,而在"所(动"结构中的"所"既有所指代且能独立运用,所以也有代词的基本特征。龙岗秦简则高比例地出现了"(所(动)(名"结构,因为名词本身作为被修饰语出现,使"所"丧失其指代作用,这时"所"更多地是起结构作用,表达其语法意义,所以这个结构中的"所"是结构助词。"所"字具有助词用法的大致时间应该是在东周中后期。

There has been a long time since ＂Suo＂ is on the transition from notional word to grammatically-partial word.In the Guodian Chu-Slips,＂Suo＂ in＂Suo＋verb＂＂structure not only can replace things,but also can be used independently,with the characteristics of pronouns.In the Longgang Qin-Slips,a new Suo structure ＂（Suo＋verb）＋noun＂came into being,in which noun itself is modified by an adjunct,which makes Suo not have the founction of replacing things any more,but serve as a structural particle and expresses the grammatical meaning.It should have been in the Middle and Later Periods of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty that Suo can be a structural particle.