咽旁间隙的横断层影像解剖及临床意义

Transverse sectional imaging anatomy and clinical significance of the parapharyngeal space

目的为咽旁间隙疾病的影像识别和诊断提供断层解剖学依据。方法选用成人尸体头颈部20例,CT扫描后制成横断面,经咽隐窝层面观察咽旁间隙及咽旁结构的解剖学关系,利用游标卡尺和求积仪分别测量其径线及面积。结果在咽隐窝层面上,咽旁间隙呈近似三角形,面积分别为(447.6±2.18)mm2(左)、(446.4±2.10)mm2(右),两侧咽旁间隙及咽旁结构呈对称性。自茎突至咽隐窝的连线将咽旁间隙分为咽旁前、后间隙,CT图像能较好地显示咽旁后间隙内各结构的相互关系。结论咽旁脂肪组织、颈内动脉、颈内静脉、茎突和翼内肌是CT影像诊断的重要解剖学标志,咽旁间隙的横断层解剖对该区疾病的影像诊断具有重要的临床意义。

Objective To provide sectional anatomic data for radiology and clinical diagnosis of the parapharyngeal space diseases. Methods 20 cadavers underwent CT examination and then transverse specimens were made in head and neck. At pharyngeal recess level, parapharyngeal space and parapharyngeal structures were observed and measured in the diameter and area with vernier caliper and planimeter. Results The shape of the parapbaryngeal space was similar triangle at pharyngeal recess level, It was 447.6±2.18 mm^2 （left） and 446.4±2.10 mm^2 （fight） on transverse section and CT in area of the parapharyngeal space respectively. Parapharyngeal space and parapharyngeal structures were symmetrical of both sides. Parapharyngeal space was divided into two parts by the line from the styloid process to pharyngeal recess： preparapharyngeal and retroparapharyngeal space. It was better to show relationship of structures in the retroparapharyngeal space with CT. Conclusion Fatty tissue, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, styloid process and medial pterygoid muscle were important anatomical marks for CT diagnosis. Transverse sectional anatomy of the parapharyngeal space has important significance for imaging diagnosis of diseases.