公路建设项目生态环境评价方法研究进展

Research Progress in Ecological Environment Assessment Method of Highway Construction Project

本文阐述了目前国内研究和应用较广泛的公路建设项目生态环境评价方法。模糊综合法、层次分析法、生态足迹法等评价方法还处于学术理论探讨研究和应用尝试阶段;生态机理法、生产力法、生物多样性法等评价方法是目前公路建设项目生态环境评价工作中常采用的评价方法,但这些方法缺乏宏观性、综合性。定性和定量分析相结合,单项环境因子指标评价和综合评价相结合,点段相结合评价,生物个体、种群、群落、生态系统和景观相结合是今后评价公路建设项目生态环境影响的主要发展方向。

This paper introduces the assessment method that are extensively applied and researched in China for ecological environment of highway construction project. The methods such as fuzzy comprehensive method, analytic hierarchy process method and ecological footprint are still in a stage of theoretical discussion and practical trial. Presently the methods such as ecological mechanism method, productivity method and biodiversity assessment method are dominantly applied. But all the methods above lack macroscopical and comprehensive consideration. The future development will have combinations such as qualitative and quantitative analysis, single environmental factor index and comprehensive factors, assessment at site point and in areas, assessment for biological individual, population, community, ecosystem and landscape for ecological enviromnent assessment of highway construction project.