损伤相关模式分子与慢性疾病

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Chronic Diseases

损伤相关模式分子是组织或细胞受到损伤、缺氧、应激等因素刺激后释放到细胞间隙或血液循环中的一类物质,可通过Toll样受体、RIG-1样受体或NOD样受体等模式识别受体,诱导自身免疫或免疫耐受,在关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤、系统性红斑狼疮等疾病发生和发展过程中发挥重要作用。现已发现的损伤相关分子模式分子包括细胞内蛋白分子、非蛋白嘌呤类分子及其降解产物、细胞外基质降解产物和无引导序列免疫细胞因子如IL-1和IL-18等。损伤相关模式分子的发现及其作用机制的阐明,将有助于阐明多种慢性炎症疾病的病理机制,为这些疾病的诊断和防治提供新的思路。本文综述了主要的损伤相关模式分子的概念、释放方式,及其与模式识别受体相互作用引起炎症反应和参与多种慢性疾病过程的机制。

Molecules of damage-associated molecular patterns （DAMPs） are a class of substances released to intercellular space or peripheral blood by tissues or cells which are stimulated by insults, ischemia or stress. DAMP molecules can be recognized by Toll like receptors, Nodl-like receptors, or Rig-Ⅰ like receptors and induce autoimmunity or immune tolerance, which play critical roles in various chronic diseases such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer and systemic lupuserythematosus. DAMP molecules include high-mobility group B protein 1, heat shock proteins and S100 proteins etc. The identification of DAMP molecules and clarification of mechanisms of their action will greatly contribute to reveal the pathological mechanisms of chronic diseases and provide a great opportunity to develop the new strategies for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment for these diseases.