黔南州土壤中多环芳烃的污染现状及来源分析

Pollution status and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of Qiannan state

采集贵州省黔南州12个县、市的表层(0～10cm)土壤样品99个,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析,探讨了表层土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况及来源。结果表明,16种PAHs均有不同程度检出,12个县市土壤中∑PAHs平均含量在42.4～163.1ng·g-1之间,含量最高的是都匀市,最低的是惠水县,全州平均值为68.7ng·g-1。通过与国内外土壤中PAHs含量的对比,研究区的土壤受到一定程度的PAHs污染,含量处于较低水平,各地污染程度有一定差距。在组成上,4环以上PAHs所占比例较高。根据2～3环和4～6环PAHs含量所占比例及菲(Phe)/蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Flua)/芘(Pyr)比值,可以推断全州范围内PAHs主要来自工业燃煤、生活用煤的不完全燃烧和汽车尾气的污染等,污染水平与地区生产、生活方式密切相关。通过以上研究结果,可初步了解黔南州土壤中PAHs的污染现状,为以后土壤污染防治提供参考。

To understand polluted status and sources of PAHs in the collected surface soil samples in Qianan state, surface soil sam- ples（0~10 cm） were collected from 12 different counties or cities and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） for 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） listed for priority control. The results showed that 16 PAHs were all checked, the average contents of ∑PAHs in the collected soil of 12 areas ranged from 42.4 to 163.1 ng.g-1. The average contents of ~PAHs were the highest in Duyun city and the lowest in Huishui county, only 68.7 ng＇g^1. Compared PAHs contents in domestic with overseas soils, the soils in studied areas were polluted with PAHs to a certain extent and have some difference in the polluted levels. Judging by composition, PAHs of more than 4 rings were much higher. Based on the relative abundances of 2-3 rings and 4-6 rings, the ratios of fluoranthene/pyrene and Phenanthrene/Anthracene in these areas, it is inferred that the major contribution to the pollu- tion of PAHs may be the coals burned for industries and used for living and incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and so on. The pol- luted levels were closely correlated with the producing and living ways in areas. It is of very reference and significance for preven- tion and cure soils in the future.