辽河三角洲滨海湿地的演化

Research on evolution of coastal wetlands in Liaohe River Delta

在湿地分类及湿地植物群落调查基础上,分析了辽河三角洲滨海湿地植物群落分布与湿地的地表积水条件、土壤水分质量分数、土壤盐分质量分数的关系,以此为依据提出了浅海水下三角洲湿地、潮上带淡水深水体湿地、潮上带淡水浅水体湿地在三角洲泥沙淤积、湿地土壤脱盐、积水脱盐、植物入侵等因素作用下的演化模式。总体上来说,3类湿地均向沼泽湿地、草甸湿地演化。在3类湿地的演化中,浅海水下三角洲湿地的演化过程最复杂,由咸水湿地演化为淡水湿地,演化过程最慢,潮上带淡水深水体湿地演化过程较快,潮上带淡水浅水体湿地演化过程最简单,演化最快。由于开垦,辽河三角洲滨海湿地最终演化成的一部分沼泽湿地、草甸湿地已转变为农作物群落。

On the basis of classifying the wetlands and investigation of plant communties, the authors analyze the relation of plant communities＇ distribution of coastal wetlands with surface water condition, water content and salinity of soil in Liaohe River Delta, and put forward the evolution modes of underwater delta wetlands in shallow sea, deep fresh water wetlands and shallow fresh water wetlands in supratidal zone influenced by sand sedimentation, soil desalinization, seeper soil desalinization, plant invasion and etc. In general, all the three sorts of wetland evolve to marsh wetlands and meadow wetlands, in which the evolution of underwater delta wetlands in shallow sea to fresh water wetlands is most complex and the slowest, the evolution of deep fresh water wetlands quicker and the evolution of shallow fresh water wetlands the quickest and simplest. Due to wetland inning, part of fresh water marsh and meadow wetland evolved from the three sorts of wetland above has turned into crop communities.