桐庐生态公益林主要林分类型的土壤水文效应

Soil hydrological function of main forest types in Tonglu’s ecological non-commercial forest

以浙江省桐庐县生态公益林定位监测站为依托,研究了该区域不同林分类型土壤层的水文效应。结果表明:与无林地对比,各林分类型土壤的蓄水能力、渗透性能均优于无林地;不同林分类型土壤的蓄水能力、渗透性能也存在着一定的差异,其中落叶阔叶林土壤的蓄水能力、渗透性能最好;Horton入渗模型对各样地土壤入渗过程拟合效果较好,有着较好的适用性;土壤理化因子、土壤根系因子与土壤渗透性能的相关分析显示研究区土壤渗透性能受多个因素影响,其中土壤非毛管空隙度与土壤初渗、稳渗速率相关性最高,为首要影响因素;基于主成分分析,各样地土壤综合水文效应优劣依次为落叶阔叶林>常绿阔叶林>杉木林(Cunninghamia Lanceolata)>毛竹林(Phyllostachys heterocycla)>马尾松林(Pinus massoniana Lamb)>经济林>无林地。

Base on the data of located ecological monitoring station of non-commerical forests in Tonglu county, Zhejiang province, soil hydrological function of the different forests was studied in the region. The results showed that the soil water storage capacity and permeability in different forests was significant higher than that of bared land. There was a significant difference in the soil water storage capacity and permeability among of different forest types. The deciduous broadleaved forest had the highest soil water stor- age capacity and permeability. The fitting effect of Horton infiltration model on soil infiltration process in each plot was good,which had good applicability. Correlation analysis of soil physical-chemical factor, root factor and soil permeability showed that the soil permeability was influenced by many factors, and in which soil non-capillary porosity was the primary controlling factor on early permeability rate and stable permeability rate. Based on the principal component analysis, hydrological function in order was de- ciduous broadleaved forest 〉 evergreen broadleaved forest 〉 Chinese fir plantation（Cunninghamia Lanceolata） 〉 bamboo planta- tion（Phyllostachys heterocycla） 〉 Masson pine forest（Pinus massoniana） 〉 economic forest 〉 bared land.