基于微藻细胞培养的水质深度净化与高价值生物质生产耦合技术

Coupling of wastewater deep purification and high quality biomass production based on microalgae cultivation

水资源和能源危机是21世纪人类面临的重大挑战。开发高效的氮磷控制技术以及寻找可持续再生、环境友好的新型能源是解决这些挑战的有效手段。微藻培养技术的出现,为水质深度净化、氮磷高效去除和生物能源生产提供了可能。总结了微藻培养技术在污水处理中作为三级处理单元深度净化水质、去除氮磷的应用,并分析了大规模培养微藻以获得生物能源的研究现状。在此基础上,提出了将污水处理工艺和生产工艺耦合的理念,以污水为资源,实现污水处理系统从"处理工艺"向"生产工艺"的转化,在深度净化污水的同时,以污水为原料获取"新"资源和"新"能源,为缓解当前资源匮乏、能源紧缺的形势提供可能的解决途径。在未来资源和能源愈加紧张的严峻形势下,基于微藻细胞培养的水质深度净化与高价值生物质生产耦合技术具有广阔的发展前景。

Water resource crisis and energy crisis are the two major challenges in front of human beings in the 21St century. The de- velopment of high-efficiency nitrogen/phosphorus controlling technology and searching for sustainable, environment-friendly new energy source are the effective methods solving these challenges. The emerging of microalgal technology offers the possibility to deeply purify the water quality, remove nitrogen/phosphorus and produce biofuel. This paper summarizes the application of microal- gal technology in wastewater treatment for the further removal of nitrogen/phosphorus, and analyzes the research status about the production of biofuel through large-scale cultivation of microalgae. On the above basis, the conception of coupling the wastewater purification and high quality biomass production was put forward in this paper, which is, transforming the wastewater treatment sys- tem from ＂treatment process＂ to ＂production process＂ with wastewater as a kind of resource. Thus, the new resource and energy can be obtained at the same time of wastewater purification. This is extremely important for solving the present shortage of resource and energy. In the future, the crisis of resource and energy will be more and more serous, thus the coupling of wastewater deep purifica- tion and high quality biomass production based on microalgae cultivation will have a great potential for development and application.